They're pretty inconsistent about it. They tend to avoid large deliberate breaks, but you still see smaller incompatibilities.
Off the top of my head, here's a case where they changed the output of a hash function between 5.3 and 5.4, breaking it for all previous users. https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=60221
Off the top of my head, here's a case where they changed the output of a hash function between 5.3 and 5.4, breaking it for all previous users. https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=60221