For example, based on my IP address, nearby wifi networks, and camera footage.

> IP address

Great. So an app can plug my IP address into a geolocation query, and might ultimately determine that I'm somewhere in $city. Or maybe the next city over. Or maybe half a continent away.

But sure, this "works" without consent, since there is no extra step to enable networking for an app.

> nearby wifi networks

This doesn't work without consent.

> camera footage

This doesn't work without consent.

Web apps also get your IP. Why aren't you using a VPN if you care about that?

Web apps can also get the rest if you click accept when it asks for camera access. What exactly do you lose by installing an app?