I’ve been spending a lot of time on this and really found the book Traction useful. Thesis is that every role has to have some clearly defined objective measurables that can indicate to the employee and manager success. I have not been able to apply it to our developers and engineers but it has been extremely effective in sales (sales development, management and sales ops).

I know within two weeks if a candidate is on track, above or below and can predict growth quite easily and can immediately rehabilitate the situation.